The Impact Of Marketing On The Marketing Sector Upon...

In my current degree I have found the Marketing module most interesting, it explores the role of marketing in current economic trend and how it could be a crucial factor in regard of consumer spending. Developing plans and strategies for marketing has been more challenging than ever, I find the social media marketing particularly interesting as people spend many hours on social media platform; the mechanics involved can provide a in depth explanation as to the consumer culture and spending trend. In a free economy resources are allocated by the interaction of demand and supply, marketing activities provide the framework and mechanisms for this interaction activity; it also serves an essential function in an economic system. (Frederick,†¦show more content†¦Hence if I were to investigate this topic further I would focus my research in this aspect and my principal research question will be â€Å"How social media and digital marketing reformed the culture of traditional market ing?† There are limited paper who has investigate to the same or similar purpose, for instance the work of Vinerean in 2013 has explored the effects of social media marketing instead of how the norm of social media marketing reforms the culture of the marketing industry. (Vinerean, 2013) As to a more similar research paper, Bashar in 2012 has provided a more identical approach, but again, it focuses on the aspect of using marketing as the tool and medium for stimulating sales, and whether social media is an effective way to promote a product and services, which differs from the research question I mentioned above. (Bashar, 2012) Moreover, many researches and investigations in this field are done decades ago, for example the work by Frederick in 1992, Harrison-Walker in 2002 and Henderson in 1984; which may suggest the data used may already be out of trend and not valid to apply on todays’ market structure. Also social media was not as popular back then; therefore these papers have very limited exploration between marketing and social media platforms such as Facebook, Twitter and Instagram. (Moore, 2007) A key to a valid and reliable research includes various sources and forms of data. As to research more in depth

The Impact Of Slavery On Africa Socially, Economically,...

2. Slavery impacted Africa socially, economically, and politically for over 300 years. Slavery had a major social impact on Africa, due to the fact that the vast numbers involved in the trans-Atlantic slave trade led to a color association. Africa already had an existing slave trade system in place. Women were incredibly degraded and devalued for the reason that numerous of were captured and sold into slavery. Polygamy became the norm because many African societies lacked African males because they were being exported. Labor had become a commodity, physical hard work became a product that can be sold and bought. Communalistic values collapsed for the purpose of no pan-African unity and African’s leaders also lacked knowledge about the slave trade. In western societies Africa was viewed as unprogressive and needed a stronger sense of democracy. Slavery began the rise of modern racism because mindset of western Europeans about the color black. Africans were kidnapped from their native cultures and isolated to become easily controlled. The slave trade also impacted Africa economically. Agriculture was extremely affected, for the reason that there were fewer workers, and villages and land were abandoned. Tsetse flies also impacted African societies because it carries a harmful and lethal disease called trypanosomiasis, it has been catastrophic on African development. Traditional crafts was influenced negatively because African societies were being depopulated for profits, due toShow MoreRelatedTrans Altlantic Slave Trade2171 Words   |  9 PagesAfrican slaves over a period of three and a half centuries across the Atlantic Ocean to America and Europe. An estimated twelve million men, women, and children were taken from their African homelands to be used as slaves. 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In order to do this, Nzinga took measures to place herself in the right position to eventually seize rule and steer her country in the right direction, evenRead More Reparations For Descendents of African Slaves in America Essay2999 Words   |  12 PagesReparations For Descendents of African Slaves in America Slavery has been entwined with American history ever since Dutch traders brought twenty captive Africans to Jamestown, Virginia in 1619. Slavery in America is a subject with minimal truths and stories rarely told. The public school system excludes the fact that eight of the first twelve American presidents were major slaveholders. Emancipation brought freedom, but not approximation. The civil rights movement killed Jim Crow, but shadowsRead MoreGlobal Business Cultural Analysis: South Africa6982 Words   |  28 PagesRunning head: GBCA – SOUTH AFRICA 1 Global Business Cultural Analysis: South Africa Raymond J. Landis BUSI 604-D06 LUO – International Business Professor – Dr. Stephen P. 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Unitarist Rather Than A Pluralist Attitude †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Businesses in Singapore are often portrayed as adopting a unitarist rather than a pluralist attitude to employment relations. Is this justified or are times changing? Illustrate your arguments with contemporary examples? Answer: Introduction Unitarist approach is identified the every organization as an integrated where all employees are working for common purpose. Common purpose is made with the cooperation of the all staff members where management as well as other members of the staff have the same goal to attain the target which emphasizes the mutual cooperation. Moreover, unitarist is considered as the paternalistic approach where it focuses on the loyalty of the employees. Subsequently, trade unions are considered as irrelevant since the loyalty between employees and organizations are deemed equally restricted. It has been analyzed that within the corporate environment, there are invisible connections between workforces, objectives of the organization and the employee relations. Unitarist rather than a pluralist attitude to employment relations in Singapores Business According to Singapore Workforce, (2015), millions and billions are being spent by many organizations to improve and foster the infrastructure of the organization. There are number of theories and frameworks which are applied by many organizations as per their requirement. These theories are unitarist, pluralist and radicalism. Similarly, the essay will elaborate that why businesses in Singapore are depicted unitarist in comparison of pluralist attitude to employment relations (Thunnissen, Boselie Fruytier, 2013). As per the HRM theory, the attitude of pluralist in the setting of the organization shows the situation where various kinds of individuals symbolize different groups with different interest. It would not be possible that the entire group have the same interest and power to attain the target. Pluralist theory indicates the allocation of the power in several hands. portray On the contrary, the unitarist theory indicates that the organization has the common goal for which it delegates the responsibility to the team and the group to attain it which shows that each and every member are on the same pitch (Leat, 2009). There is a different point of view regarding unitary approach. In the point of view of employee, the unitary approach means that the practices of working should be flexible. The employees of the organization get support from the high authority if they feel that they are facing some issues within the organization (Leat, 2009). In the point of view of employer, the unitary approach means that the policies of the organization should be maintained in proper manner so that the employees get inspired and motivated. Under this approach, line managers of the organization take their responsibilities to manage the team in an adequate manner. On the other hand pluralist approach recognizes that conflicts is intrinsic in the organization and can be accommodated by numerous arrangements of institutional. The implication of pluralist approach is that union recognition must be motivated. There are so many organizations in Singapore that have adopted the unitarist approach because the major strength of the approach is that it unambiguously wants to incorporate with the interest of employee as well as employer, so that the commitment and loyalty of the employee can be amplified. Every coin has two aspects which show the strength and the weakness. The strength of unitarist approach is emphasized the role of the managers in achieving the win-win situations not only for organization but also for the employees. Managers are required to go beyond their managerial styles for maintaining the employment relations. It has been evaluated that the influencing leaders are able to control the demand for trade unions. In the circumstance of unitarist approach, the employee and the employer accomplish the task within their own interest for attaining the common goal. Management of the organization is considered as the only authority which takes independent decisions of their business without being hampered by workers, unions and government. The economy of Singapore is fabricated of industrial relation system and production system. Both systems are dependent of one another as the role of industrial relation system is important in the contribution of the production system (Le ggett, 2005). It has been evaluated that the industrialization has been interlinked with the industrial conflict. Business Jargons, (n.d.), mentioned that the kind of strikes of specific country is connected with the industrial relations system of the country. Singapore is the country where the involvement of the government is important to develop the economy of the Singapore. The government has put lots of efforts to attract more and more foreign talent Singapore would not be able to punch above its weight if it remains dependent on home population. It has been recognized that there are major four phases where institutionalisation is concerned about the conflict. The first phase against behaviour towards negotiation of trade unions and focus is on individuals. It can be unplanned. Business restructuring comes under second phase in which the businesses reconstruct themselves to being opposed of trade unions. Third phase is related to the effective mediating stage whereas the viewpoints of trade un ions are overruled diplomatically in the phase of fourth. At the stage of last phase, tactics are developed by unions to advance into institutions. They also involved in the conflict resolutions and labour contract.It has been evaluated that the conflict can be determined by dividing the political power. The trade union of Singapore has a unique relationship with the government. Unitarist approach helps business to move ahead by taking one common goal while pluralist approach have concerned about the people and it thinks that everyone has different responsibilities and skills (Aron, 2011). Different expectations of the employee may lead the business in to conflict zone. The unitary industrial relations practioner might make the effective idea for pluralist idea but it is vital to maintain the segments of unitary and behave in proper manner. There are some economic factors which show that the changing models of conflicts are because of variable range of wages of different workers. As per Wood Horwitz, (2015), there are major four factors labour concentration, size of the organization, income and the dominance of women which considered the differences in conflicts. There is numerous way of handling the successful employment relations that has adopted the unitarist approach. Initially the management can focus on giving the financial incentives so that the interest of employee can be integrated. Various kind of profit sharing can be stressed by management that are made ensure that chance should be given to the every employee of the organization to have a financial stake in the business (Williams Adam-Smith, 2010). Behind the adoption of unitarist approach is that it assist employee to get participated in the decision of the business and it include the various approaches of empowering and participatory for managing the workplace so that the employees of the organization feel that they have huge latitude to control their work processes and consequences. The worker contribution can be amplified due to worker empowerment and participation (Greenwood Van Buren, 2017). The management of the organization under unitarist approach concentrates on the proper use of high performance or progressing in domains of training, selection, rewards, job designs and communications so that organization can increase the productivity of the employee and develop the upper levels of employee commitment and satisfaction. Trade unions are considered as the employees of legitimate representatives. Collective bargaining is the major reason of conflict. There is a huge responsibility for conflict in comparison of harmony. Singapores business has adopted the unitarist approach because the aim of their business is to work together with employees. The ratio of conflicts is lesser due to mutual understanding about the common goal of the organization between employees. The contribution of employer in the working style of employees is less (Bingham, 2016). Conclusion In the limelight of above discussion, it can be concluded that the management can deal with different kind of theories or frame when dealing with employee relations. The essay has focused on major two perspectives such as unitarist and pluralist. Unitarist theory has depicted by Singapores business and it assumes that there is one source that is leadership and the conflict of the organization can be avoided by aligning individual and organizational interest. Trade unions are being neglected by unitarist approach. On the other hand pluralist approach believes that conflicts within the organization can be managed. The businesses of Singapore are preferred for unitarist approach instead of pluralist approach because time is changing. Organization has become more advanced and it makes ready its employee to attain the common goal and for this it has initiated to provide the training to the employee so that they can attain the common goal. References Aron, (2011). Difference Between Unitarism and Pluralism. Retrieved on 12th March, 2018, from: https://www.differencebetween.com/difference-between-unitarism-and-vs-pluralism/. Bingham, C. (2016).Employment Relations: Fairness and Trust in the Workplace. Sage. Business Jargons, (n.d.). Approaches to Industrial Relations. Retrieved on 12th March, 2018, from: https://businessjargons.com/approaches-to-industrial-relations.html. Greenwood, M., Van Buren, H. J. (2017). Ideology in HRM scholarship: Interrogating the ideological performativity of New Unitarism.Journal of Business Ethics,142(4), 663-678. Leat, M. (2009).Exploring employee relations. London, UK, Routledge. Leggett, C. (2005). The fourth transformation of Singapores industrial relations.Reworking, 347. Singapore Workforce, (2015). Statistics and Publications. Retrieved on 12th March, 2018, from: https://www.mom.gov.sg/newsroom/press-releases/2015/1130-singapore-workforce-2015. Thunnissen, M., Boselie, P., Fruytier, B. (2013). Talent management and the relevance of context: Towards a pluralistic approach.Human Resource Management Review,23(4), 326-336. Williams, S., Adam-Smith, D. (2010).Contemporary employment relations: A critical introduction. Oxford University Press. Wood, G., Horwitz, F. (2015). Theories and institutional approaches to HRM and employment relations in selected emerging markets.Handbook of human resource management in emerging markets, 19-41.

Career Preparation free essay sample

This is where we make our first attempt to connect with the students. 2. Coordinate with the student and any local support to help them stay in the program and also finish strong. For example, they may be getting evicted from their housing; this is an opportunity for us to assist with other housing, especially since career transitioning isn’t as strong to happen w/o a stable home life. 3. This is where we introduce Work based learning. Their absences are excused by their instructor in the event their resume is strong enough to support working a few days in the field. It’s not a good idea to attach them too early in employment because they will find a way to quit their training if they have a new found job. (This is only if they haven’t had a job previously. ) 4. This is where we introduce employability, personal responsibility, and information technology. We will write a custom essay sample on Career Preparation or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 5. They are given as many career development skills up front in what an employer expects from them so they can transition into a career upon graduation. 6. There is a variety of assessment offered during this time, i. e. interest, values and of course personality. They measure students’ personal characteristics. There is no right or wrong answer – which is why students love to take them because they can be themselves, hopefully. They help the student make the most of informed choices regarding their personal career paths. 7. Interest Inventory – this helps to identify the students’ personal interest, especially those interests related to the world of work. Students identify occupations they may want to pursue from their training. 8. Work Values – What is valued in a job? Is it what you achieve? Is it power? Or is it affiliation? Students get excited when they can identify job/careers/employers they find satisfaction based on the similarities between their values and the characteristics required to be successful. 9. Personality – measures a students’ style in how they will deal with tasks, data, and other people. Personalities can be well suited for jobs and some personalities cannot. For example, if I am outgoing; I will work well with other people. If not, one would prefer to pursue jobs working alone. 10. Holland’s six personality types: Realistic, investigative, Artistic, Social, Enterprising, and Conventional. Environments such as: School and Work are a combination of all six personality types. Students who pursue a job in line with their personality type tend to be very successful. 11. Realistic personality – Likes to work with tools and machines. 12. Investigative – Likes to work in fields that include science and math. 13. Artistic – Likes to work in a creative and free thinking. 14. Social – Likes to work in a teaching, informing, helping others environment. 15. Enterprising – Likes to lead and influence others. Does well in management roles and/or sales. 16. Conventional – Prefers jobs that allow them to be responsible, dependable, and detailed. Prefers occupations that have to do with record keeping, computation, typing, or computers. Career Development usually happens throughout their training: Career Concepts 1. Dealing with change 2. Understanding Workplace environment or an environment that is best for them based on their personality; 3. Meeting new people: what’s appropriate to talk about on the job as a new employee and what’s not? 4. How to prepare for the workforce, how to conduct an effective job search, how to successfully market their skills and talents, and how to identify a plan to meet their basic needs. 5. Career Planning is an event that starts in the enrollment process and continues throughout their training. 6. In the admissions stage a prospective student will discuss their long-term goals and identify the individual skills needed to secure their goals going forward. 7. Depending on the length of each training, the student (s) will discuss with the Career Services team a plan to improve (if needed) their individual personal financial management skills. 8. At about 70% complete with their training the student will again meet with the Career Services to reinforce learning skills such as Labor Market Information, Completing Applications Appropriately, Writing Effective Cover Letters and Resumes, and furthering developing interview skills (mock interviews – while being taped on a camcorder) this is so the student can really see their own need for improvement. 9. Another function (I would like to be a part of) is working with those students who are at risk of leaving or quitting their training. This is an opportunity for us to explain to them how hard it is in the workforce with no additional training. 10. 60-90 days prior to a student’s training is to end they will again meet with the Career Services team to emphasize the following workforce attachment skills: Job success, job retention, workers’ rights and responsibilities. This stage is when a student is expected to use the career transition skills provided to them to secure a job in their field, prior to graduation.

The Need for Ethical Leadership and Governance in Democracy

Relationship between citizens and the government is vital for any country’s political social and economic development. Some patriots have had an impact on the leadership of the United States since the declaration of its independence.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Need for Ethical Leadership and Governance in Democracy specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Thomas Jefferson is among the patriots, who participated in initiating America’s liberation from its colonizers. Since then, the American democratic government has evolved strategically by allowing citizens to be part of decision-making. This means political leaders allow individuals to give their opinions on issues of governance. Even though America is a large entity with a population of more than 300 million people, the state keep in touch with people all year round. This is achieved by the help of political parties, media, interest groups, and campaigns. This paper is aimed at letting the reader understand the need for ethical leadership and governance as a measure of democracy. It will analyze contributions of Thomas Jefferson as a political leader towards the nation’s evolution on equality, liberty, opportunity, democracy, and rights. Eventually, the reader will appreciate the dedication and spirit instilled by society that helped America reach its current state. The relationship between the government and its citizens has strategically evolved since the declaration of independence in 1776 (Ambrose, 2002, para. 2). Native Americans had suffered enough, and needed change. British colonizers had taken advantage of the country’s vulnerability and dictated Americans for a long time. For example, all policies had to be approved by the British government before implementation in the regional land. American citizens needed a government ruled by the people. In this case, American patriots documented a list of comp lains and directed them to England. The list advocated for human property and liberty rights required by citizens. This meant Americans needed new leadership from the native inhabitants. Revolution against corrupt and greedy leaders helped America alter its governance strategies. Top government officials encouraged citizens to be part of a new leadership in the country. For example, the government wanted a mutual relationship with local inhabitants. This was achieved by working for the people as servants. Servants are dedicated people who offer services to meet the needs and wants of clients. Americans wanted leadership in which the top officials met individual needs rather than embezzle funds. The Declaration of Independence promised to punish corrupt and guilty leaders through a new justice system.Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More A way of building relationships with the people was to allow them participate in community development. For example, state officials of America obtained land that was forcefully taken from native individuals. This gave the government an opportunity to win the trust of citizens regarding ethical leadership. Participation in campaigns and allowance of the public to vote for leaders showed an improvement in governance of the United States. People have the right to choose leaders desired leaders, and vote out unethical ones. Voting converge people with similar interests, and sensitizes people on necessary amendments for a better economy. In the end, participation in societal development programs brought the state close to the people it served. Media played a crucial role in promoting the relationship between states and citizens. Journalist, editors and authors worked together to provide a sustainable development of the United States’ economy (Armitage 2012, p. 67). For example, newspaper companies printed information on social, polit ical, and economic development of the state. Published information on policies intended for implementation allowed citizens to provide personal opinions regarding the proposed issues. Response from the public usually determined the effectiveness of the policy, and the economic level of the state. Thomas Jefferson, played significant roles in ensuring ideas on liberty, opportunity, equality, rights and democracy were met effectively. The most vital role played by this leader was drafting the Declaration of Independence. Jefferson’s policies were derived from the need for equality, liberty, democracy, and rights. Americans had been oppressed for a long time, and people needed change. The fight against Britain was a deadly war. Anyone who went against British law was declared a traitor. Treason was a serious offense punishable by taking the traitor’s life and property (Armitage 2012, p. 95). Jefferson drafted the declaration with respect to complaints made by the United S tates community. Through the declaration, Americans became hopeful for a better future with reputable leaders. The declaration manifested true power that was to meet people’s demands. It advocated for a state that shifted power of the officials to the hands of the citizens. This meant all activities of the country had to be controlled by the people.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Need for Ethical Leadership and Governance in Democracy specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Jefferson was motivated to fight for independence because of the challenges that the people faced. American citizens were subjected to unfair taxes, political instability, and inequitable distribution of land, among other injustices. British officials practiced divide and rule to disunite the Americans. This was heightened by taking land from one person and giving it to another. Rich Americans were favored while the poor remained in pove rty. Because of these injustices, Jefferson compiled thoughts and ideas in an article called â€Å"A Summary View of the Rights of British America.† This article was later published worldwide to make other nations aware of the conditions in America (Armitage 2012, p. 57). Jefferson’s ideas justified the need for a revolution. America’s Declaration of Independence became a foundation for other countries’ desire to struggle for independence. Looking back through history, works of political leaders such as Jefferson have been highly criticized. Jefferson’s personal deeds contradicted the founding ideas of liberty and equality. He discriminated his servants on a personal level. During the struggle for independence, Jefferson sensitized people on equality (Ambrose, 2002, para. 5). This leader believed that all people were equal and should be treated justly. Contrary to Jefferson’s thoughts, the leader promoted slavery, which was equated to discri mination. In most cases, poor people suffered under the hands of the rich. Land was distributed based on class and race. Afro Americans were denied wealth and had to work on the white Americans’ land to earn a living. The blacks were discriminated in some cities like New York. Job opportunities were available based on race rather than qualifications. From this analysis, it can be concluded that some prospects of declaration were not practiced in real life. When sensitizing people on equality, leaders should be role models in implementing policies. This helps the society respect the views of politicians and accept positive change. Solid relationships between the state and its citizens require dedication from both parties. America managed to achieve independence through devoted leaders. The changes implemented enhanced people’s opinion on liberty, equality, democracy, and rights. Throughout history, founding fathers of American liberation proposed equal treatment of citi zens. It is advisable to evaluate the strengths and shortcomings of leaders who fought for independence. Reference List Ambrose, S. E. (2002). Founding fathers and slaveholders. Retrieved from https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/founding-fathers-and-slaveholders-72262393/Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Armitage, D. (2012). The declaration of independence:  A global history. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. This essay on The Need for Ethical Leadership and Governance in Democracy was written and submitted by user Power Man to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Biochemical Engineering essays

Biochemical Engineering essays How would you like to examine physical properties of a wide array of different animals? Not only that but also research the processes of many organisms? If this sounds exciting, then biochemical engineering is the best career choice for you! Biochemists find many amazing things. For example, a biochemist discovered that increased flexing of a certain pelvic muscle helps to stimulate the activity in your brain. If you wanted a great job like this college is not always required. You can get internships with companies. In these internships you help out fellow scientist in there everyday duties. That can lead to self employed jobs which you control the experiments and do what you please. But this doesnt happen often, most of the time you will need to go to college for at least two years for your bachelors degree. Studies at Rutgers University for Chemistry include general chemistry for engineers, introduction to computers for engineers, engineering lectures, calculus, and physics. After you finish college the money will be rollin in. Biochemical engineers in Wisconsin make anywhere between $38,873 and $47,403 per year. For example there is a job in Madison as a product evaluation specialist for a prominent biotechnology firm. They evaluate the operation of new products and their effects. Now you see that this is a very fun, exciting, and promising job. I would recommend seeing your guidance councilor to see what local colleges would best suit your biochemical interests. Biochemistry: Protein Arrays Step Out of DNAs Shadow!, Science Service, Robert F.; 9-8-2000 http://sol.rutgets.edu/Web2000/biochem.html ...

Communicating collective identities (business and marketing) Essay

Communicating collective identities (business and marketing) - Essay Example This paper basically examines that what makes brands great, but first it is beneficial for every organization or company to briefly review the evaluation and the valuation approaches. Most of the brand owners today rely on the marketing-oriented measure like esteem and awareness (Chernatony, 2006, pp. 300-318). As a result of the brand evaluation by using the KPI or also by using the scoring system the company can also determine the value of the brand equity whether the current or the future which is compared to their short-term or to their long-term objectives. The evaluation is the important term for every brand owner and also for every company because it is only with the help of evaluation it takes the brand owner through many aspects with the help of which the brands now gives and constitutes the sound advice on strategically developing their brand. On the other hand it also gives the practical guidance on how the brand owner can implement their brand strategy. There are some unintended consequences of the branded communication at the social as well as at the cultural level. ... Various conventional forms of the brand communication through advertising, and also through public relations have achieved great and a huge success in the past, but on the same side their effectiveness is now declining dramatically in today's customer-dominated climate. Therefore, the traditional forms of the advertising reach fewer targeted customers. At social as well as at the cultural level there are various kinds of problems which the customers are facing and on the same side the brand owners or the marketers are trying to solve this problem. (Chernatony, 2006, pp. 300-318) Unintended consequences are the outcomes that are not termed as the results which are originally intended from a particular situation. Unintended consequences can be basically grouped into three main types: A positive and also an unexpected benefit. A preserve and a negative effect. A potential and helpful source of various problems. The main purpose of the social marketing program is also to affect some of the changes in the target audience's behaviors and attitudes. Some unintended consequences of branded communication at the social level are defined as follows: Process evaluation. Outcomes evaluation. Impact evaluation. Process evaluation basically determines that whether the intended target audience was reached or not. If yes, then the outcome evaluation measures that whether they are engaged in the desired or respected behavior or not. Along with this, the impact evaluation also judges whether the performance of the behavior did induce the desired change or not. While the marketing which is related to the social program is in effect, the process evaluation should also take

Spirituality 4 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Spirituality 4 - Essay Example Although compassionate care giving stands out as an accepted social responsibility of the nurses, the practice defies professional ethics and requirements for health workers. This essay explores compassion fatigue form a processional and ethical perspective. Nurses and other caregivers often find themselves in a dilemma concerning the care they need to give to patients and their own welfare. Although health workers have a good understanding on the nature of human body its needs for rest and healthy lifestyles, they are bound by social and professional responsibilities (Joinson, 2007). Such responsibilities force them to neglect their personal needs. Although compassion fatigue is a major problem among health workers, most health professionals overlook the problem. According to Kottler (2005), the main reason why nurses overlook compassion fatigue is that they have become used to the problem making them to compromise with the fatigue. An interview conducted on nurses working in California hospital established that most nurses used medication to make them stay awake for long hours. The survey also established that most nurses had irregular sleeping periods due to workload or a desire to offer compassion services for their patients. This indicates that health workers need to have a concrete background on compassion fatigue symptoms. Compassion fatigue symptoms are identical to those of posttraumatic stress. Unlike posttraumatic stress, compassion fatigue symptoms are based on trauma. This indicates that they have a direct impact on the patient’s life and that the impacts can be demonstrated readily by their performance and behavior (Kottler, 2005). The basic concepts of compassion fatigue are emotional, cognitive, spiritual somatic and behavior. These concepts translate into symptoms and warning signs that characterize the condition. Standard

Big Problem Management in Tex-mark Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Big Problem Management in Tex-mark - Essay Example It can be argued that language posed a great barrier to project success. Erick seemed to be well informed about how unqualified or incompetent employees may contribute to delay in implementing projects. His intentions were to ensure that there was no a repeat of what had happened in Mexico and china. He argues that a projected aimed at being completed in a shot duration took longer time than expected. An example of such an occurrence is the one cited about what happened in India. It is argued that an eight moth research assignment consumed three years, and this according to Eric was as a result of incompetent employees. Fred’s Selfishness could not allow him to train locals and employ them to undertake some duties. He was unable to work in harmony with authorities in the country, and this hindered operations of the research assignment, thus leading to delay in its completion. Alternative solutions However, the company may still get back on its track if Eric can make some effor ts to solve problems facing the company. He should first lay down all the problems facing the company, and enumerate the best possible solutions to them. Such issue should be raised before the higher authorities on a regular basis. Persistence is important when it comes to such matters of concern, not forgetting the enormous challenge facing them especially now that they are about to venture in to a more challenging zone: China. Any company that fails to advance in its human resource capacity is always faced by constant problems in its operations and managerial matters. Some of the ways through which such advances are achieved is through attending workshops and seminars on various fields, instituting training programs, or advancing education levels. Therefore, Eric should take stand and insist on the training program for not only employees sent abroad, but also to the rest of the employees. The program should be planned in a manner that it deals with the current problems, and foreca sts on the future requirements that would be catered for by the program. Underperforming and or expatriate employees may not add value to any organization. In fact, the company should ensure that all its employees are subjected to a performance measure contract, which evaluates the performance of all employees. This way, there would be no reason to continue keeping employees who fail to perform. They are considered to be liabilities rather than assets to the company, and over continued to being in the company increases costs, thus reducing the profit margin of the company. It is necessary for the company to add a policy of employing locals of foreign countries in order to minimize some costs such as training and exportation of employees who would require extra compensation and allowances during their stay in other countries. In fact, the company should look for ways of having affiliate or subsidiary companies in foreign countries of interest. This way, the company will enjoy the ben efit accrued from being locally known company in those foreign countries. Budgetary concerns As long as the there is efficiency in handling international assignments, and that they become cost effective, then the proposed solutions to the problems facing the company can be argued to be fine. Proposed solutions should also include reevaluation of how the consulting firm may help the company oversee smooth running of its assignment in the foreign markets. In this regard, the consulting firm should be made to understand that charging Tex-Mark higher fees for training jeopardizes the profit margins of the company. There

Is It Advertisement Manipulation Media Essay

Is It Advertisement Manipulation Media Essay Advertising plays a crucial role in the world that we live in. Every day, the media expands and thousands of magazines, TV commercials, radio stations and newspapers are released. Advertisement is found in every single one of these Medias. It is important because it helps individuals know what products are popular on the marketplace. As a college student, I myself am very influenced by advertisement. I come across ads on the internet, on the radio, on television, and on magazines. But are these advertisements really helpful to the consumers or are we just being manipulated into buying a product? This question deserves to be examined because millions of people are being affected by advertisement each and every day. They might not even realize that advertisers use psychological techniques in order to persuade the consumer to buy their product, and eventually change their spending and living tendency. Before I could focus on the advertisers psychological techniques, I first needed to find out about the ethics of advertisement. I started my research by reading a news article, Precious Information or Vicious Manipulation, from Ezine Articles, to give me a simple understanding of it. Each different commerce has its own rules for the ethical requirements. There are, however, four marketing communication requirements that every industry has to follow which include legal, decent, honest and truthful (Yordanof). One of the interviewed individual quoted the most successful companies do not need ethics in their activities because they have built empires. He also stated, sooner or later whoever is not ethical will face the negative consequences. One of the most the most contentious matters in the marketing communications market is the quality of advertisements. Three area of interest in terms of ethical decision of advertisement have been distinguished as: individual autonomy, consumer sovereignty, and the nature of the product. The individual autonomy refers to the advertising to young children, consumer sovereignty refers the level of information and superiority of the indented consumer, and as for the nature of the product, well, it speaks for itself. Needing more in-depth information on how advertisement affects young children, I turned to The Washington Post newspaper and read a short article entitled Information or Manipulation. It is said that spending on advertising for children has increased five-fold in the last ten years and two thirds of commercials during child television programs are for food products (Bergadaa 2007). Young children represent 24 billion dollars worth in the marketplace (McNeal 2007). Research from the American Psychological Association show that children do not have the ability to understand whether a commercial is reliable or not, therefore they are truly impacted by them. They are not able to comprehend the true message behind an advertisement and therefore believe it is truthful, accurate and unbiased which can lead to unhealthy eating habits as evidenced by todays youth obesity epidemic (Mayer 2004). Advertisers spend over 12 billion dollar a year on commercials intended for children. Research shows that a child watches about forty thousand television commercials a year. Roberts and Pettigrew exposed that 28.5 hours of childrens television programming sampled contained 950 advertisements (sec.12). Advertising industry officials believe that parents should be able to explain the advertisements truthfulness to their kids because most of the ads are on junk food, sodas, and candies. Advertisers rely on the parents to be cautious and say no to their young children. They do not see the psychological difficulties parents face to constantly be responding negatively to their childs requests, said Dale L. Kunkel. However, some countries have more harsh rules against children advertisement which I quote from this report: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Sweden and Norway do not permit any television advertising to be directed towards children under 12 and no adverts at all are allowed during childrens programmes. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Australia does not allow advertisements during programmes for pre-school children. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Austria does not permit advertising during childrens programmes, and in the Flemish region of Belgium no advertising is permitted 5 minutes before or after programmes for children. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Sponsorship of childrens programmes is not permitted in Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden while in Germany and the Netherlands, although it is allowed, it is not used in practice. (McSpotlight). In Daniele Pradas article Advertising: Manipulation or Information, advertisement is considered information. Some commercials actually provide you with scientific facts and much more. Have you ever seen the commercial about smoking? Our society is trying to enlighten everyone about the effects smoking will have on you because we know it is a bad tendency that can cause cancer and eventually lead to death. In that case, advertisement is used in order to convince people to stop smoking before it is too late. The advertisers usually present the facts, and throw in a quote that will make the consumer ponder. One very famous reflective phrase is, Children of parents who smoke, get to heaven earlier (Anti-smoking). We all have seen above the influence commercials which usually target adolescent and young adults. This advertising campaign conducted by the Office of National Drug Control Policy provides commercial in order to prevent the use of drugs and to encourage parents to discuss it with their children. Each of these commercial shows what it means to be above the influence in its own unique way. The Above the Influence campaign appears to be successful because it taps into the desire by teenagers to be independent and self-sufficient, Slater said. A recent study done by the Ohio State University, shows that Above the Influence campaign seems to have successfully reduced the use of marijuana by adolescents. On the other hand, some people feel that advertisement is pure manipulation and that it plays with our feelings. To captivate our attention advertisers use famous artists, sports, music and fancy images. They use crucial values to influence people of purchasing something or doing something. In his article, Alan Harris believes that this manipulation is viewed as a type of foregrounding. His definition of foregrounding was a linguistic process in which some elements, such as words, phrases, sentences, stressings, intonations, or the like are given prominence or made more meaningfully significant by the communicator/language-user, in this case the creator(s) of a print advertisement. In other words, a lot of elements are used in order to convince the consumer to buy a product or service. Millions of people are being manipulated each day Most of the beautiful aspects promised in ads are most of the time not true. For example, can buying a specific type of detergent really make the clothes brand new? I think not! But advertisers would do everything in their power to convince you that their detergent is the best and would restore your clothes to brand new. The advertisers around the world are able change the way people live and change their spending tendency. This is the main reason why advertisers spend an incredible amount of money on advertisements. According to the General information article, it is estimated that the price of a product may go up for up to 40% due to advertisement costs. Advertisement encourages the individual to be one step ahead of everybody else that is why they will tell you that their products is better than the others. Another way to captures the consumers attention is sexual arousal because they know that sexual need is one of the most powerful desire in a human. In her article, Mwende says, Government should establish institutions that will scrutinize and ensure that the commercials and advertisements do not merely cheat people callously. It should make sure that people are not manipulated, cheated, lied to or exploited by unscrupulous traders. As I wrap up my research, I notice that advertisement can be both positive and negative. I now understand how it can both be viewed as information or manipulation to certain people. However, my question still cannot be answered because I believe that I would have to do more research on the psychological part and how advertisement affects the mind. I want to know how an advertisement is processed through a ones brain. In order to be able to answer my question, I want to explore this issue further.

The Power of The Sea-Wolf Essay -- Sea-Wolf Essays

The Power of The Sea-Wolf Jack London’s novel, The Sea-Wolf, has many different interpretations. The story can be read as a combination of the naturalistic novel and the sentimental romance, both very popular around the turn of the century. London also brings into play literary naturalism, in which human beings are characterized as just another species in nature, subject to all of Her cosmic forces. The Sea-Wolf fits almost perfectly the archetypal pattern of an initiation story. Depth and interest are added to The Sea-Wolf by successfully integrating these three elements -- the combination of two popular genres, literary naturalism, and the initiation story. One of the characteristics common to most naturalistic novels is the theme of survival of the fittest. This novel is very much in concordance with this theory, set up by Charles Darwin and his theory of natural selection. Both Humphrey Van Weyden and Maud Brewster are individuals who have never known physical hardship. They are both people "of the books", and find themselves in a foreign environment when stranded on this boat with a "regular devil" (49), Wolf Larsen. Humphrey Van Weyden, after going through an "initiation process" to be discussed later, finds himself unable to remember clearly anything else. "It seems as though I have lived this life always. The world of books is very vague, more like a dream memory than an actuality. I surely have hunted and forayed and fought all the days of my life" ( 229). Humphrey makes an almost perfect allusion to Darwin's survival of the fittest idea when talking to Wolf Larsen, "You were once, and able to eat, as you were pleased to phrase i t; but there has been a diminishing, and I am now able to eat you" (249). Even Maud ... ...led Hump. Hump survives this so-called "ordeal" and makes it to third stage of the initiation process -- the return to the group. With the beginning of this stage the initiate is transformed. "Hump" becomes Mr. Van Weyden, as Wolf Larsen promotes him to first mate to replace Johansen. He is now accepted as part of the group and he, unlike Larsen, has good rapport with all the crew members. After this last stage is complete is when he gets up the courage to flee the Ghost and Larsen, and run away with Maud Brewster. The Sea-Wolf is one of the richest, and most interesting, novels ever written. Jack London has used a variety of literary techniques to bring his story to life. Through the combination of two popular genres of the time (naturalistic and romance), the use of the literary naturalism, and the story of an initiation, London brings the characters to life.

Top Ten Bsc Mistakes

Lack of focus: Too many people, too many objectives, too many metrics, and too many scorecards When it comes to scorecards, less is more. Too often, beginners start out with too many people, too many objectives, too many metrics, and too many scorecards. When an organization tries to juggle too many things, It Inevitably cannot deliver on all of them. When too many people are involved, the process slows to a crawl. Often these groups wind up with too many objectives because they cannot reach consensus on a few key ones.This kind of confusion obscures clear lines of accountability and discourages employees. Therefore, err on the side of less at the beginning. Weed out objectives by asking yourself tough questions: can you realistically manage all the objectives on your list? Are they complementary or conflicting? What is the impact of not doing them? Do they really matter? Similarly, less is more when it comes to teams. When starting a BBS process, don't involve so many people that It becomes unwieldy or political.Limit it to a few people who know what they're doing and who have executive support and the authority to make the appropriate changes. They should have a broad understanding of the organization and good people skills so that they can inspire there. Rather than holding big meetings, assign team members to work individually with other players or business units to tackle specific questions and then present their findings to the group. 2. Biting off more than you can chew As we mentioned, organizations often try to do too much too fast?the classic â€Å"biting off more than you can chew' phenomenon.They get excited about the BBS and become enamored with the idea that it can instantly address all their top priorities across the organization. If they dream too big, they will become frustrated by the reality of putting these things n motion. Instead, they should begin with small-scale projects so that they can learn the ropes and work out the inevitable bugs . For example, an organization might do a one-year pilot with Its leadership team. It's impossible to know whether you have the right metrics and initiatives until you have lived with them for a while.The pursuit of perfection?an admirable trait in many respects?can also undermine the value of the BBS. The BBS is an effort in ongoing process improvement, not some elusive end state where everything Is done correctly. In order to make progress, we eave to free ourselves from the onus of trying to be perfect. As Voltaire said, â€Å"The perfect Is enemy of the good. † Better Instead try to embrace the Idea of a â€Å"Zen flaw†? the tradition of some craftsmen of putting a deliberate imperfection in their work to free themselves from the burden of perfectionism. . Failing to set clear and realistic milestones Another classic mistake Is falling to establish clear benchmarks of direction and making appropriate progress. Without them, it's too easy to become bogged down or lo st in a new, unfamiliar process. If you're not sure what's realistic, look for external benchmarks. How can you improve your standing versus your competitors? How can you increase market share? Compare yourself to the top players in your industry and ask yourself how you might overtake them. 4.Adopting initiatives without formal methodology for execution The odds of success are greatest when carefully chosen initiatives are matched with carefully planned execution. The gap between strategy and execution remains a formidable barrier for many companies. According to the Harvard Business Review, the average company realizes only 60 percent of the financial performance promised by their strategy. There are many reasons for this, including employees not understanding their roles, lack of clear accountability, and lack of empowerment to make decisions. How to close the execution gap?In a nutshell, there are three key steps: actions should be tied to specific objectives; they must be funde d and given adequate resources, and they must be monitored. Without good execution, even the best strategy remains Just an abstract idea. 5. Failing to integrate the scorecard into daily work The BBS should not be a standalone exercise. This runs contrary to its purpose?and squanders the potential benefits. The BBS must become part and parcel of the routine work of the organization. It should be a centerpiece or hub that brings together many initiatives.If you treat it as an isolated exercise, you miss the opportunity for cross-fertilization and making other projects more successful. 6. Poor leadership and communication Sometimes BBS initiatives die by neglect because they lack commitment from top leadership. Without a clear mandate from the top, the balanced scorecard is unlikely to deliver its full benefits. Top leadership must empower their strategy teams. Leaders can't Just delegate the BBS to a low belonging group and forget about it. The organization must see that the top lead ers have embraced the initiative and are determined to see it through.Otherwise, people may dismiss it as Just another halfhearted initiative and cling to old habits. Leaders can show support by attending strategy meetings, being seen alongside the strategy team, and making public statements of support. Another common leadership mistake is failing to effectively communicate the BBS to the organization. If people don't understand what's different or important about this initiative, they won't do the work to carry it out. Organizations should make a habit of communicating the objectives and results to employees on a regular basis.Some organizations assume that commitment from senior executives automatically meaner that the entire organization is engaged. This does not happen by itself. For example, BBS lingo may sound like empty Jargon to line level employees. Organizations must translate the initiatives into terms employees can understand. Leadership is important, but organizations s hould avoid making the BBS a top-down exercise. It's not a matter of issuing edicts and expecting employees to comply. It's a matter of exercising strong leadership and inspiring the organization to follow. 7.Business as usual mindset When implementing the BBS for the first time, organizations must change fundamental habits?and this cannot be done with a business as usual achieved without changing the way day-to-day operations are performed. Rather, they require conscious effort because they force us to adopt new habits and new ways of working and thinking. Changing habits is hard?that's why so many New Year's resolutions fail. Too often, organizations try to hit new performance targets with the same business as usual attitude. Doing more of the same slightly better will not produce significantly new or better results.New targets require new initiatives, strong leadership, and relentless execution. 8. Climate of defensiveness and mistrust Too often, BBS and performance management in itiatives are portrayed as an Orwellian tool to keep tabs on employees and identify underperformed. Some organizations roll out balanced scorecards and performance management as accountability programs. As a result, employees begin to feel Judged, micromanaged, and anxious. Big Brother is watching. Accountability is important, but it shouldn't be the overarching message.Instead, organizations should emphasize that these tools help employees and the entire organization to become more successful. Use these tools to share best practices and celebrate people who do things right. Let's say your shipping department comes up with a new best practice for dealing with the holiday rush. You can honor the innovators and share their learning's with the rest of the organization. If you see these tools solely in terms of accountability, you miss the opportunity to inform and inspire your employees. 9. Poor performance data Poor data undermines the entire purpose of the balanced scorecard.In many respects, Kips can be one of the most difficult aspects of the BBS. In general, Kips are a good indicator of the health of your balanced scorecard infrastructure. If you have problems determining the score of more than one KIP, it might be an indication that your method of selecting them is not up to par. Perhaps they were chosen from a library without much thought about the ground-level realities of what it takes to collect the data to determine their measurement. Organizations spend an immense amount of time putting together their scorecards.All that work can go to waste if they don't keep good performance data. 0. Failing to adapt the BBS to the organization The BBS must be adapted to the organization. There is no universal, one-size-fits-all template. The needs of a large international manufacturing company are very different from those of a small local government agency. If your BBS approach is not tailored to your local circumstances, it will become a straitjacket that inhibit s the organization. Adapting the BBS to the organization is an ongoing process. It often comes through experience. How do we get there?As we saw above, it's a matter of focusing on a handful of key objectives, tarring small, exercising good leadership, and practicing disciplined execution. By carefully monitoring and adapting, organizations can discover a system that works in their particular circumstances. It's an iterative process of following proven principles, experimentation, and trial and error?yes, we all make mistakes. [Stephanie Busbies is an author and Group Vice President of Solution Marketing, Enterprise Performance Management and Governance Risk and Compliance with SAP. As an XP Strategic Partner, SAP is contributing thought leadership and research

THE MICROSCOPE EXPERIMENT 1 cells essays

THE MICROSCOPE EXPERIMENT 1 cells essays The use of a microscope is to provide a magnified view of objects (that are being analysed) that are otherwise to small to be seen by the naked eye. They can be described according to their illumination and lens arrangement. (i) Microscopes are able to use either light or electrons as their illumination source, which are respectively known as light powered and electron microscopes. (ii) Monocular microscopes have a single eye piece where as binocular microscopes posses two eye pieces, position side by side for simultaneous viewing with both eyes. (iii) A simple microscope consists of one single lens system where as a compound microscope consists of two main lens systems, an ocular and objective, which are superimposed over each other to provide greater magnification. In Biology, microscopes can also be described according to some specific purpose such as dissecting microscopes, which are commonly referred, as dissectors are especially suitable for use while dissecting very small or delicate specimens. Microscopes are usually equipped with a series of interchangeable eyepiece lenses (oculars), each with different individual magnifications. Majority of ocular magnification is as followed: X4, X5, X6, X7, X8, X10, X12, and X15. On a typical monocular microscope objectives magnification found is as followed: To find the overall magnification factor obtained when using any microscope is calculated by the following mathematical formula: OCULAR magnification X OBJECTIVE magnification = OVERALL magnification The condenser lens is situated below the stage and causes light rays to converge on to the specimen situated on the stage, thus illuminating is adequately when magnified by the viewing lens. The amount of light passing through the condenser lens can be varied by opening and closing the iris diaphragm, situated at the bottom of the condenser. (i) To become familiar with the features and function of the monocular ...

Education on Childcare essays

Education on Childcare essays Do you enjoy being around screaming, yelling, laughing, kicking, children? If you do then there are certain things that you will need to know to care for someone elses child, especially an active toddler. All toddlers needs are different. They may be physical or mental. There are several different steps a person must take to care for a child, assuring that they are safe and happy. First and most important, is to gain the trust of the parents. This can be accomplished by introducing yourself, then telling them your plan to provide the best care for the child in their absence. Or in many cases the trust was earned a long time ago. The best way to get to know the child or children, and the parents is to spend time with them. You should ask the child questions, if you dont already know them, like, what cartoons do you like? Do like to play hide and go seek? These are all good questions to start out with. One of the second steps to caring for a toddler would be to pay attention to the childs behavior patterns. If the child seems to be aggressive then you need to watch the child closely. You should look for the childs facial expressions that they display when they commit the crime. They may consist of sad pouts, slight smiles or grins, running away, or even a tiny fist may appear. Not all of the children are aggressive. Most of them are very kind and loving. These children deserve to be treated like gold. After watching their behavior you should probably look into the discipline area. Spanking a child that is not yours is not acceptable. The most effective way to punish a toddler is to stick them into time out, nose first. If that doesnt work then take some of their playtime away. Sometimes not all of the playtime should be taken away. It depends on the crime the munchkin committed. If you find this does not work try to make them sit down with you while you explain to them what they d...

General overview of john stuart mill- Utilitarianism Essay

General overview of john stuart mill- Utilitarianism - Essay Example Mill’s Utilitarianism actually conflicts with the idea that moral actions is dependent on the will of God and that the pleasure that the person gets from performing these acts is the crucial test of good and evil. Mill was one philosopher that believed so much that individuals have the right to decide and do what is best for them and in their own interest rather than base their decisions on other people’s interests. Mill was of the opinion that individuals must seek the truth and make judgments through strictly monitored, unassuming and tolerant dialogue. Mill believed that is the duty of every individual to take decisions on actions that are in their best interest. He also believes that people should be more tolerant of other people’s opinion rather than rely on force to make people reason along with them as this would go a long way in making the truth known about a particular subject matter. Mill uses a non-relativistic perception of truth and belief to work ou t the notion on toleration. However, Mill believed that this is needed by people to arrive at the truth. On the issue of human reasoning, Mill gave the idea that the reasoning of human beings is unique and valuable.

The swine flu clean up Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The swine flu clean up - Essay Example It is noteworthy that the earlier SARS outbreak as well as the Hurricane Katrina were at threat level three and four respectively. Though the current administration has not been found wanting in its response, there are nonetheless several steps that could have been taken to counter the threat of transmission. Swine Flu is a virus that spreads from pigs to humans and then from humans to humans as well. The typical symptoms are coughing, fever and headache with muscular atrophy as well. The greatest risk is not from eating pork but from the spread of the virus from person to person. There has been a widespread belief that the current hype over the swine flu outbreak has largely been media driven and in reality, the outbreak is not as severe as it seems. As the ABC news website puts it, â€Å"As the swirling national media coverage of swine flu nears the end of its first full week, signs are emerging that a certain degree of panic may be gripping the public† (ABC News, 2009). Further, the website adds that, â€Å"While the official case tally in the United States hovers at 64, according to data presented by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention today, even suspected cases are edging their way into the public eye†. Thus it is apparent that people by and large are worried over the pandemic and are taking preventive steps to protect themselves and their families against the outbreak. The WHO or the World Health Organization responded immediately to the new threat by convening an emergency meeting where the threat level was raised to 5. According to a prominent news website, â€Å"The World Health Organization called a third emergency meeting in response to a spike in swine flu cases and said the expert panel will discuss Wednesday whether to raise the worldwide flu alert level. After the panels first meeting Saturday, WHO declared the outbreak an international public health emergency and on Monday it raised the pandemic alert level from

Compose an essay addressing Chinas one-child policy. Why was this

Compose an addressing Chinas one-child policy. Why was this policy determined to be the best option for China to reduce population growth What is the - Essay Example The policy was effective in reducing the overall population growth, however, this action was not without negative ramifications. In 2006, China had a population of over 1.3 billion people, and is predicted to grow to just over 1.4 billion by the year 2050 (â€Å"2006 World†, 2006). This makes China the most populous country in the world today. However, because of implemented measures to reduce its rate of population growth, in 2050, it is projected to be the second most populated country just behind India (â€Å"2006 World†, 2006). In the 1960s and 1970s, when the population seemed to be increasing out of control, the use of contraceptives began to be promoted vigorously, which gradually resulted in a drop in fertility rates in China (Kent & Haub, 2005). The most popular contraceptive method used continued to be female sterilization and intrauterine devices (IUDs), followed by oral contraceptives (Kend & Haub, 2005). This was successful in lowering fertility rates, however, the Chinese government still believed a more rigid policy must be implemented to successfully contain the population rate. The history of China’s population control has fluctuated between encouraging births at certain times in its history, while actively prohibiting births at another (Love, 2005). In 1949, the same year the People’s Republic of China (PRC) was created, the regime encouraged births to â€Å"increase the rate of socioeconomic development and to strengthen the county† (Love, 2005, p. 143). In fact, the leader of the Chinese Revolution, Mao Zedong, publicly announced that a large population would be a very good thing for China because out of all the things in existence in the world, â€Å"people are the most precious (Zedong, as cited by Love, 2005, p. 143). The population grew so fast during that time, that only a few years later, policy changes were implemented. In 1954, birth control was discussed openly by the PRC, however, only four years later in 1958, Mao

Stylolites - Greek Essay Example for Free

Stylolites Greek Essay Stylolites are irregular discontinuity or non structural fractures which are found in limestone plus other sedimentary rocks. Stylolites come from compaction and pressure solution during the process of diagenesis and it might be blown up by subsequent groundwater flow. Stylolites most of the time comes into view as uneven discontinuities in the outcrops along with hand samples and they are frequently lined up with clays which are quite impossible to solve, opaque and dim organic matter. The phrase stylolite originated right from the Greek for pillar, ‘stylo’ (Paul 19). A stylolite is not a structural fracture even though they have been described as a structure of anti crack whereby both sides are moving together instead of moving apart. Proof exists in the structure of fossiliferous limestones in which the fossils crosscut by a stylolite and it is said that only one of the half still exists. The other half has already been dissolved away. Stylolites in one way or the other might be an important geologic feature which affects the reservoir quality and most probably the reservoir management in a good number of carbonate reservoirs. Emaciated, discontinuous paved zones which are connected with stylolites take place in the massive, soaring porosity dolomites of the Upper Smackover at Jay/LEC Field and they are actually the source of horizontal baffles to perpendicular flow suspected ever since the early days of production in combination with the corroboration by full field reservoir performance studies. It is important for the thin, perpendicular flow baffles to match historical water flood arrivals in both full field plus a little area simulation modeling that led to the wide spreading re-examination of the core and recognition of these formerly undetected cemented zones connected with stylolites. Field wide conventional coring provides an outstanding foundation database for describing the physical nature, circulation of stylolites and the most related cements. In the ontong Java Plateau chalk sediments mechanical compaction actually causes a porosity decline from let us say 70% to 50% in the topmost 600 m. mudstones together with wackestones they tend to have comparable porosity for the reason that the wall cavity of the microfossils add up in the same way to pore-space and to the solid phase. The original pore filling cementation might be interconnected to the occurrence of the primary stylolites at approximately 830 m together with a decrease in massive sediment. Temperature is in the region of 20%C and valuable burial stress 6 MPa (Paris 79). Stylolites might derive in primary diffuse green bands which are enriched in smectite chlorite, most probably those of volcanic origin. The bands are replaced approximately below 490 m by supplementary distinct flaser structures that are enriched in smectite. The commencement of pressure dissolution consequently corresponds to an interval of diminishing mechanical compaction. Below 790 m the chalk consists of biogenic opal-A, nevertheless the opal-CT increasingly it takes over 790 m and most probably below 1130 m quartz becomes the only silica phase. This process coincides with the cementation frontage, beneath which depth pore-filling calcite cementation makes porosity to go down. Silica-Ca complexes in the pore water might not become stable when the high temperature and age cause quartz to turn out to be the most established silica phase. The pore filing cementation tends to load microfossils completely with the intention that textual differences are at the present clearly visible on the porosity log. The stylolite bears a chalk of the Gorm field, the Central North Sea, porosity is 20%-40%, lower than OJP chalk however it is higher than OJP limestone. The variation is reflecting cementation of microfossils while the matrix porosity is comparable to the OJP chalk. The variation between OJP and it is not possible to explain Gorm field chalk alone by the early introduction of hydrocarbons, which does not exactly give an explanation of the cementation of microfossils. Nevertheless, another cause might be the excessive pressure in the chalk of the Central North Sea whereby the percentage amongst the temperature and effective burial stress far above the ground. Silica most probably has the equilibrated to quartz before stylolites exhibited so that calcite cementation was not held back at all by the silica diagenesis (Bradbury 197). Stylolites were observed during the Hampovica-6 well and they have been shaped in a stress field which tends to act homogeneously in excess of a long period of time without reactivating older, pre-existing fracture systems. Alongside the strike, they tend to cut off all the planes of different discontinuities, bedding together with fractures from the axial plane. Through the aforementioned statement, it shows that the stylolites were created after the final tectonic configuration of the structure which was presently in the well. That is to say, the two sets of dissimilar deformations point towards the two events of the similar compression that is confined to a small area in the part of limestone of the aforementioned well only. The reality is that in the other rock samples which are examined from this well they originate from more shallow and deeper parts than this interval, neither the stylolitization nor the significant structural deformations have been clearly observed. Slight thoughtfulness is given to the interior structure of the stone. They have written very few about the influence of stylolites, a most important parameter, as a way which is used to choose an appropriate stone, to forecast its outcome on applications plus their performance thereafter, not to talk about using stylolites as a analytic tool already during prospecting for stone deposits. This disrespect resulted in defaults more especially within limestone slabs and strips with pre-existing discontinuities into the stone just similar to stylolites. Very similar it applies to installation defaults for instance the proper attachment and prevention of slabs breaking for the duration of processing, installation, or even after placing. In point of fact, litigations and complaints within the stone sector concern floor coverings which contains problematic stylolites associated with cutting with-the bed, tripping, slipping and tentative accidents. In some sense the industry can be held responsible for this state of affairs, from the lack of geotechnical awareness to stylolites during mining and prospection at the quarries. Attention taken to possible defaults gives the quarry owner or stone supplier knowledge with a good understanding of the deposit and eventually it ensures satisfaction to customers (Bradbury 213). As a matter of fact, stylolites are mainly found in so many rock types together with sandstones, to slighter extent igneous rocks plus other deposits metamorphosed to a variety of degrees. On the other hand, limestones and dolomites are used in building and construction which forms the major group affected by the presence of stylolites more especially the stones that are having higher pure calcareous content. The stylolitic limestones are important in ornamental and decorative uses, marketed as marble. At present the nation is using stylolitic limestone for business purposes. They are used for making ornaments. The behaviors of stone materials are traced to conditions throughout the origin of the rock and to the tectonic appearance of the rock mass. The quarry investigations and laboratory capacity have then to be associated with the limestone applications in building frontages or pavements. Even though the general mechanical properties might be accepted, the very natural properties which are foot printed during genesis or those that are caused by the historical tectonic discontinuities might at times let people down during or after the stone application. The earliest examination of the stone material for possible disorders actually prevents default. It needs the understanding of the stylolites, a structural examination of the quarry beds to search for discontinuities, to prevent excessive tectonic stylolites to smoothen the progress of commercial block extraction. It applies to figuring out cutting direction to decrease the stratigraphic stylolites rate (Dean 117). Conclusion Inconclusive negotiations about the origin and the formation of stylolites have always been and they are still going on for more than a century at present. It does not sound academic but an extensive literature is readily available on stylolites whereby petite attempt has been made in which data is applied to the dimension stone industry. Apart from the significance of stylolites for descriptive purposes, the compulsory petrograhic examination standards, vertical and stylolites might be used to show the quality of the stone, when the subject to dynamic loading is on floors or pavements. Finally, at present people notice the presence of stylolites in areas subjected to tectonic actions and observed facts must be accepted as fundamentally right. Works Cited Bradbury, H. Fluid flow in the crust: an example from a Pyrenean thrust ramp. American Journal of Science (288):1988, 197-235. Dean, S. Structural chronology. West Virginia: southeastern printers, 1988. Paris, B. Stylolites: Their Nature and Origin: Their Nature and Origin. India: Indiana University, 1921. Paul, D. Microdynamics Simulation. Georgia: Springer Publishers, 2008.

The Impact of Different Life Crises :: Crises Crisis Death Life Essays

The Impact of Different Life Crises Stress and everyday annoyances are not crises. Situations that interfere with normal activity, inspire feelings of panic or defeat, and bring about deep emotional reactions are crises. A crisis is a 'turning point'; or a crucial time that will make a difference for better or worse. The Chinese word for 'crisis'; is made up of two characters -- one means despair and the other means opportunity. When a person experiences crisis, there will either be a negative outcome or a positive one. The direction of the outcome depends on a number of factors such as -- physical and emotional health of the individual, support from others, childhood upbringing, past experience with similar situations, and the duration of the crisis situation. I propose to focus specifically on the life crises with which the elderly population faces, notably the loss of a spouse or companion, retirement, and contending with a terminal illness. Through examining the latter crises and their potential to influence the he alth of an elderly individual, I expect to learn of means by which the elderly may give way to in order not to become overwhelmed with the changes. Different life crises have different impacts. In many cases, however, it may be possible to anticipate crises and prepare for them. It may also be useful to recognize the impact of crises that have occurred so that one can take account of them appropriately. Holmes and Rahe with the Social Readjustment Scale have done some very interesting work in this area. This allocates a number of 'Life Crisis Units'; to different events, so that one can evaluate them and take action accordingly (Niven 99). While this approach is obviously a simplification of complex situations, using LCUs can give one a useful start in adjusting to life crises. With regards to the elderly population, namely the events 'death of a spouse';, 'personal illness or injury';, and 'retirement'; rate 100, 53, and 45 LCUs respectively. One of the most powerful stressors in one's life, particularly in the elderly population, is the loss of a loved one or a close relationship through the death of a spouse or companion . In the two years following bereavement, widowed people are more susceptible to illness and physical ailments, and their mortality rate is higher than expected. Bereaved people may be vulnerable to illness in part because, feeling unhappy, they do not sleep well, they stop eating properly, and they consume more drugs and cigarettes.

Global Communications Essay

While thanking you for the opportunity provided to research on Toyota company, there are several issues that neither be possible explained in detail in this letter nor directly in conversation. It is an agreeable fact that, Toyota is marginally successful in these global trade times in spite of stiff competition. A great strength of the company exists in its innovative and exchange of technology. There are several internal problems for the company in production process, workforce and even in marketing of cars. Toyota company is a middle class and commercial automobile company, which is meeting a great requirement of migrant workers and small businesses which are developing each new day especially in U. S, which is being cashed in by Toyota company. However there are major concerns of global crude oil price which has reached $100. 00 per barrel and a concern of global warming and emission of greenhouse gases, CO2, vehicle pollution are some of the major threats that Toyota has to work with in order to sustain in the market. Enclosing herewith a synopsis for your perusal and information. Sincerely, Paulbright Synopsis on Toyota Toyota company is a multinational company in manufacture of automobiles. There are millions of customers who are using Toyota cars on a daily basis for office going and for other commercial purposes. Especially in U. S. Toyota cars are extremely in use and even in the recent years, Toyota company has posted a rapid growth by its successful brand Prius Hybrid vehicle. Many experts in automobiles are of the opinion that Toyota has established â€Å"green image† in automobile market. Toyota company mark as a monopoly did not leave the company without problems in spite of its remarkable success. The problems are in various measures such as internal and external which the company’s management has to deal with. Although Toyota company is performing fairly well as compared with competitors there are problems of defective engines, designs and production problems which reflect in fall of sales. Particularly with regard to safety defects in Toyota vehicles is of a major concern to the company. Toyota company has a great experience in adoption of new technologies, innovation of technology and exchange of technology. However, with the emerge of globalisation, there is a stiff competition in the market, which brings in new kind of marketing problems, employment problems and other management problems to the company, whereas it is an agreeable fact that when there are problems, solution exists within the problem whether it is in production, workforce or marketing and these require proper identification of sources of problem, analysis and strategies to counter-attack the problem in order to keep the growth of the company. Especially with global fuel price rise in oil market, bringing a new major concern to Toyota company, which discourages customers to purchase petrol or diesel driven automobiles with the fact that fuel filling is quite expensive. Therefore Toyota company has launched Toyota FCHW which runs with Hydrogen have also entered consumer market as substitute vehicles for petrol and diesel. These hydrogen vehicles also help in less emission of CO2 into the atmosphere. In spite of the acute measure of problems, Toyota company has been endeavoring constantly pursuing comfort with technology aid and in introducing more outperforming and outstanding vehicles into the cars market. Running head: GLOBAL COMMUNICATIONS 202, Chenoy Avenue St. Joseph’s street Las Vegas – 232 001 (xxx) (xxx xxx) paulbright@yahoo. com February 3, 2008 Mr. Noel Park Automobile Consultant 222, Business Trade center California – 452 005 Dear Mr. Park, Thanks indeed for the good opportunity to research on General Motors. It was a knowledgeable experience in finding some key facts about the company. General Motors is truly facing a halted position in U. S market and is doing very well outside U. S. However, retaining a proportionate share of domestic market is considered to be good at all times with the fact that â€Å"one does not lose battle on one’s own ground† . Have stated some of the alternative measures of strategies General Motors has to undertake with immediate effect and mode of change in operational methods. Enclosing herewith synopsis of General Motors for your perusal and for further necessary action. Sincerely, Paulbright Synopsis on General Motors Another multinational company General Motors with huge and massive successful track of business for several decades, has come to a stage of halt in U. S market as its competitors Toyota, Honda,Hyundai and Nissan have built a proportionate consumer market in U. S. It is an acceptable fact that, General Motors brands of cars are extremely of efficient functioning and due to changing times of global trade entering domestic market, GM has lost sales in an uneven field. This gives out another fact that losing U. S market does not mean that GM has lost consumer market in other countries viz. , Canada, Europe, Asia and many other parts of the world. GM luxury cars Chevrolet, Saturn, Pontiac, GMC, Saab, Hummer and several other models of car have to be made available in market with super special features of advanced technology with cost effective pricing. As a matter of fact, although middle class consumer market is extensive and wide, luxury cars have always retained a unique identity in the market such as in Benz cars, BMW and Lexus. In other words, General Motors must work on innovative manufacturing and marketing strategies in order to maintain its yester years reputation and to keep the sale of cars in high numbers even in losing ground of U. S. market. GM must also work to evolve new methods of marketing to prevent loss of consumer market in North America with the fact that North America has a huge market even if it is for luxury cars. Therefore, General Motors while pursuing other export market, a part of its concentration must also be ventured in North America consumer market. With an apparent fact of severe battle with competitors, General Motors has also been confronted with workforce problems by cutting 30,000 jobs and closure of a dozen plants due to company’s record of loss which posted nearly to $4 billion in 2005. â€Å"GM sought to destroy small dealers through their so-called secret Project 2000, which GM defined as the systematic elimination of small dealerships by the year 2000, and was designed to consolidate car sales at large auto malls,† (Horvath). Running head: GLOBAL COMMUNICATIONS 202, Chenoy Avenue St. Joseph’s street Las Vegas – 232 001 (xxx) (xxx xxx) paulbright@yahoo. com February 3, 2008 Mr. Noel Park Automobile Consultant 222, Business Trade center California – 452 005 Dear Mr. Park, With regard to the synopsis of Toyota and General Motors, the following are some of the key findings. (a) The scenario of Toyota and General Motors is fair and competitive. Both the companies have internal, external and operational method problems. General Motors is partly facing a financial crunch due to its fall in sales and this can be prevented on undertaking of new marketing strategies in U. S as well in other parts of the world where GM branded cars are mostly in want. (b) Problems of production, workforce, management are plenty in Toyota whereas General Motors has slashed jobs and have closed plants in many countries as a precautionary measure. It can always be presumed that these plants would be restored to production as and when the company regains its market. (c) No company can meet every demand of a customer whereas every model of car has a particular design and technicality and with this fact, it can be concluded that branded cars always retain its reputation even though new entries are available in the market at low cost. The trend in market is never constant and it keeps changing and General Motors has an opportunity to watch this trend of consumer market and must restore its marketing strategies. References Michael Kowalski (2007), Rapid Growth has lead to problems for Toyota Accessed February 3, 2008 http://www. glgroup. com/News/Rapid-Growth-has-lead-to-problems-for-Toyota-18827. html Should President Bush be focused on moving forward with Hydrogen? Accessed February 3, 2008 http://hydrogendiscoveries. wordpress. com/ Books Cornelius Herstatt (2005) Management of Technology And Innovation in Japan Accessed February 3, 2008 http://books. google. com/books? id=KC7zgDeAnc8C&pg=PR22&lpg=PR19&dq=toyota+company+problems+and+solutions&ie=ISO-8859-1&output=html&sig=7ATxnpTUENdyS6Dd22CkmAh24ko General Motors GM: Solutions for effective change Accessed February 3, 2008 http://ezinearticles. com/? GM:-Solutions-For-Effective-Change&id=152642 General Motors problems are no secret, but few know why they exist: Insider provides answer in New Book ‘Project 2000’

Night World : Dark Angel Chapter 3

first it looked like a speck, then like an insect on a lightbulb, then like a kite. Gillian watched, too frightened to run, until it got close enough for her to realize what it really was. It was an angel. Her fear drained away as she stared. The figure seemed to shine, as if it were made of the same light as the mist. It was tall, and had the shape of a perfectly formed human. It was walking, but somehow rushing toward her at the same time. An angel, Gillian thought, awed. An angel†¦ And then the mist cleared and the shining faded. The figure was standing on the grass in front of her. Gillian blinked. Uh-not an angel, after all. A young guy. Maybe seventeen, a year older than Gillian. And†¦ drop dead gorgeous. He had a face like some ancient Greek sculpture. Classically beautiful. Hair like unburnished gold. Eyes that weren't blue, but violet. Long golden lashes. And a terrific body. I shouldn't be noticing that Gillian thought, horrified. But it was hard not to. Now that his clothes had stopped shining, she could see that they were ordinary, the kind any guy from earth might wear. Washed and faded jeans and a white T-shirt. And he could easily have done a commercial for those jeans. He was well built without being over-musdy. His only flaw, if it could be called that, was that his expression was a little too uplifted. Almost too sweet for a boy. Gillian stared. The being looked back. After a moment he spoke. â€Å"Hey, kid,† he said, and winked. Gillian was startled-and mad. Normally, she was shy about speaking to guys, but after all, she was dead now, and this person had struck a raw nerve. â€Å"Who're you calling kid?† she said indignantly. He just grinned. â€Å"Sorry. No offense.† Confused, Gillian made herself nod politely. Who was this person? She'd always heard you had friends or relatives come and meet you. But she'd never seen this guy before in her life. Anyway, he's definitely not an angel. â€Å"I've come to help you,† he said. As if he'd heard her thought. â€Å"Help me?† â€Å"You have a choice to make.† That was when Gillian began to notice the door. It was right behind the guy, approximately where the mist had been. And it was a door†¦ but it wasn't. It was like the luminous outline of a door, drawn very faintly on thin air. Fear crept back into Gillian's mind. Somehow, without knowing how she knew, she knew the door was important. More important than anything she'd seen so far. Whatever was behind it was-well, maybe beyond comprehension. A different place. Where all the laws she knew didn't apply. Not necessarily bad. Just so powerful and so different that it was scary. Good can be scary, too. That's the real gateway, she thought. Go through that door and you don't come back. And even though part of her longed desperately to see what was behind it, she was still so frightened that she felt dizzy. â€Å"The thing is, it wasn't actually your time,† the guy with the golden-blond hair said quietly. Oh, yes, I should have known. That's the clich†, Gillian thought. But she thought it weakly. Looking at that door, she didn't have room left inside for cute remarks. She swallowed, blinking to clear her eyes. â€Å"But here you are. A mistake, but one we have to deal with. In these cases, we usually leave the decision up to the individual.† â€Å"You're saying I can choose whether or not I die.† â€Å"To put it sort of loosely.† â€Å"It's just up to me?† â€Å"That's right.† He tilted his head slightly. â€Å"You might want to think your life over at this point.† Gillian blinked. Then she took a few steps away from him and stared across the supernaturally green grass. She tried to think about her life. If you'd asked me this morning if I wanted to stay alive, there would have been no question. But now†¦ Now it felt a little like being rejected. As if she weren't good enough. And besides, seeing that she'd come this far †¦ did she really want to go back? It's not as if I were anybody special there. Not smart like Amy, a straight A student. Not brave. Not talented. Well, what else is there? What would I be going back to? Her mom-drinking every day, asleep by the time Gillian got home. Her dad and the constant arguments. The loneliness she knew she'd be facing now that Amy had a boyfriend. The longing for things she could never have, like David Blackburn with his quizzical smile. Like popularity and love and acceptance. Like having people think she was interesting and-and mature. Come on. There's got to be something good back there. â€Å"Cup Noodles?† the guy's voice said. Gillian turned toward him. â€Å"Huh?† â€Å"You like those. Especially on a cold day when you come inside. Cats. The way babies smell. Cinnamon toast with lots of butter, like your mom used to make it when she still got up in the morning. Bad monster movies.† Gillian choked. She'd never told anyone about most of those things. â€Å"How do you know all that?† He smiled. He really had an extraordinary smile. â€Å"Eh, we see a lot up here.† Then he sobered. â€Å"And don't you want to see more? Of life, I mean. Isn't there anything left for you to do?† Everything was left for her to do. She'd never accomplished anything worthwhile. But I didn't have much time, a small wimpy voice inside her protested. To be quashed immediately by a stern, steady voice. You think that's an excuse? Nobody knows how much time they've got. You had plenty of minutes, and you wasted most of them. â€Å"Then don't you think you'd better go back and try again?† the guy said, hi a gentle, prodding voice. â€Å"See if you can do a better job?† Yes. All at once, Gillian was filled with the same burning she'd felt when she got out of the creek. A sense of revelation and of purpose. She could do that. She could change completely, turn her life in a whole new direction. Besides, there were her parents to consider. No matter how bad things were between them now, it could only make it worse if their daughter suddenly died. They'd blame each other. And Amy would get one of her guilt complexes for not waiting to drive Gillian home from school†¦ The thought brought a little grim satisfaction. Gillian tried to quell it. She had the feeling the guy was listening. But she did have a new perspective on life. A sudden feeling that it was terribly precious, and that the worst thing you could do was waste it. She looked at the guy. â€Å"I want to go back.† He nodded. Gave the smile again. â€Å"I thought maybe you would.† His voice was so warm now. There was a quality in it that was like-what? Pure love? Infinite understanding? A tone that was to sound what perfect light was to vision. He held out a hand. â€Å"Time to go, Gillian,† he said gently. His eyes were the deepest violet imaginable. Gillian hesitated just an instant, then reached toward him. She never actually touched his hand, not in a physical way. Just as her fingers seemed about to meet his, she felt a tingling shock and there was a flash. Then he was gone and Gillian had several odd impressions all at once. The first was of being†¦ unfixed. Detached from her surroundings. A falling feeling. The second was of something coming at her. It was coming very fast from some direction she couldn't point to. A place that wasn't defined by up or down or left or right. And it felt huge and winged, the way a hawk's shadow must feel to a mouse. Gillian had a wild impulse to duck. But it wasn't necessary. She was moving herself, falling away. Rushing backward through the tunnel, leaving the meadow-and whatever was coming at her-behind. The huge thing had only registered for an instant on her senses, and now, whizzing back through the darkness, she forgot about it. Later, she would realize what a mistake this had been. For now, time seemed compressed. She was alone in the tunnel, being pulled down like water down a drain. She tried to look between her feet to see where she was going, and saw something like a deep well beneath her. At the bottom of the well was a circle of light, like the view backwards through a telescope. And in the circle, very tiny, was a girl's body lying on the snow. My body, Gillian thought-and then, before she had time to feel any emotion, the bottom of the well was rushing up toward her. The tiny body was bigger and bigger. She felt a tugging pressure. She was being sucked into it-too fast. Way too fast. She had no control. She fit perfectly in the body, like a hand slipping into a mitten, but the jolt knocked her out. Oooh†¦ something hurts. Gillian opened her eyes-or tried to. It was as hard as doing a chin-up. On the second or third attempt she managed to get them open a crack. Whiteness everywhere. Dazzling. Blinding. Where†¦ ? Is it snow? What am I doing lying down in the snow? Images came to her. The creek. Icy water. Climbing out. Falling. Being so cold†¦ After that†¦ she couldn't remember. But now she knew what hurt. Everything. I can't move. Her muscles were clenched tight as steel. But she knew she couldn't stay here. If she did, she'd†¦ Memory burst through her. I died already. Strangely, the realization gave her strength. She actually managed to sit up. As she did, she heard a cracking sound. Her clothes were glazed with solid ice. Somehow she got to her feet. She shouldn't have been able to do it. Her body had been cold enough to shut down earlier, and since then she'd been lying in the snow. By all the laws of nature, she should be frozen now. But she was standing. She could even shuffle a step forward. Only to realize she had no idea which way to go. She still didn't know where the road was. Worse, it would be getting dark soon. When that happened, she wouldn't even be able to see her own tracks. She could walk in circles in the woods until her body gave out again. â€Å"See that white oak tree? Go around it to the right.† The voice was behind her left ear. Gillian turned that way as sharply as her rigid muscles would allow, even though she knew she wouldn't see anything. She recognized the voice. But it was so much warmer and gentler now. â€Å"You came back with me.† â€Å"Sure.† Once again the voice was filled with that impossible warmth, that perfect love. â€Å"You don't think I'd just leave you to wander around until you froze again, do you? Now head for that tree, kid.† After that came a long time of stumbling and staggering, over branches, around trees, on and on. It seemed to last forever, but always there was the voice in Gillian's ear, guiding her, encouraging her. It kept her moving when she thought she couldn't possibly go another step. And then, at last, the voice said, â€Å"Just up this ridge and you'll find the road.† In a dreamlike state, Gillian climbed the ridge. And there it was. The road. In the last light before darkness, Gillian could see it meandering down a hill. But it was still almost a mile to her house, and she couldn't go any farther. â€Å"You don't have to,† the voice said gently. â€Å"Look up the road.† Gillian saw headlights. â€Å"Now just get in the middle of the road and wave.† Gillian stumbled out and waved like a mechanical doll. The headlights were coming, blinding her. Then she realized that they were slowing. â€Å"We did it,† she gasped, dimly aware that she was speaking out loud. â€Å"They're stopping!† â€Å"Of course they're stopping. You did a great job. You'll be all right now.† There was no mistaking the note of finality. The car was stopped now. The driver's side door was opening. Gillian could see a dark figure beyond the glare of the headlights. But in that instant what she felt was distress. â€Å"Wait, don't leave me. I don't even know who you are-â€Å" For a brief moment, she was once again enfolded by love and understanding. â€Å"Just call me Angel.† Then the voice was gone, and all Gillian could feel was anguish. â€Å"What are you doing out-Hey, are you okay?† The new voice broke through Gillian's emptiness. She had been standing rigidly in the headlights; now she blinked and tried to focus on the figure coming toward her. â€Å"God, of course you're not okay. Look at you. You're Gillian, aren't you? You live on my street.† It was David Blackburn. The knowledge surged through her like a shock, and it drove all the strange hallucinations she'd been having out of her mind. It really was David, as close as he'd ever been to her. Dark hair. A lean face that still had traces of a summer tan. Cheekbones to die for and eyes to drown in. A certain elegance of carriage. And that half-friendly, half-quizzical smile†¦ Except that he wasn't smiling now. He looked shocked and worried. Gillian couldn't get a single word out. She just stared at him from under the icy curtain of her hair. â€Å"What hap-No, never mind. We've got to get you warm.† At school he was thought of as a tough guy, an independent rebel. But, now, without any hesitation, the tough guy scooped her up in his arms. Confusion flashed through Gillian, then embarrassment-but underneath it all was something much stronger. An odd bedrock sense of safety. David was warm and solid and she knew instinctively that she could trust him. She could stop fighting now and relax. â€Å"Put this on †¦ watch your head†¦ here, use this for your hair.† David was somehow getting everything done at once without hurrying. Capable and kind. Gillian found herself inside the car, wrapped in his sheepskin jacket, with an old towel around her shoulders. Heat blasted from the vents as David gunned the engine. It was wonderful to be able to rest without being afraid it would kill her. Bliss not to be surrounded by cold, even if the hot air didn't seem to warm her. The worn beige interior of the Mustang seemed like paradise. And David-well, no, he didn't look like an angel. More like a knight, especially the kind who went out in disguise and rescued people. Gillian was beginning to feel very fuzzy. â€Å"I thought I'd take a dip,† she said, between chattering teeth. She was shivering again. â€Å"What?† â€Å"You asked what happened. I was a little hot, so I jumped in the creek.† He laughed out loud. â€Å"Huh. You're brave.† Then he glanced at her sideways with keen eyes and added, â€Å"What really happened?† He thinks I'm brave! A glow better than the heated air enveloped Gillian. â€Å"I slipped,† she said. â€Å"I went into the woods, and when I got to the creek-† Suddenly, she remembered why she'd gone into the woods. She'd forgotten it since the fall had put her own life in danger, but now she seemed to hear that faint, pathetic cry all over again. â€Å"Oh, my God,† she said, struggling to sit upright. â€Å"Stop the car.†